DESCRIBING TRENDS

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Sunday, May 18, 2014

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In business and everyday English, you sometimes have to describe changes in trends (movement or tendency), graphs, and diagrams.
In the business context, you may have to describe trends in reports, meetings, and presentations. In everyday life, you could describe changes in any subject because things change all the time!
Describing changes and trends generally consists of three parts:

• Use a verb (or an adjective and a noun) to describe movement
• Describe the speed or size of the movement
• Explain the reason or consequence of the change

You can also view it this way: Verb + Speed or Size + Result/Reason/Consequence

Some verbs to describe change and movement

Upward  Movement	Downward Movement	Horizontal Movement
To climb To rise To go up To improve To pick up To recover To increase To reach a peak	To fall To decline To bottom out To decrease To drop To plummet To deteriorate To hit a low To slip back To do down	To even out To remain stable To stabilize

Some adjectives and adverbs to describe the speed and size of change

Speed of Change	Size of Change
Rapid - Rapidly Slow - Slowly Sudden - Suddenly Sharp - Sharply Steady - Steadily Gradual - Gradually Fast - Quickly	Noticeable - Noticeably Substantial - Substantially Considerable - Considerably Slight - Slightly Significant - Significantly Dramatic - Dramatically Negligible - Negligibly

Some expressions to express reason, consequence, and result

As a result of Due to Because of Was the reason for Caused Resulted in Explains Accounts for That is why Consequently So

Time Expressions

• In January / In 2011
• In Q1 / Q2 / Q3 / Q4 (In the first quarter / second quarter / third quarter / fourth quarter)
• From January to March
• Between April and July

EXAMPLE

Apple's sales increased significantly due to the launch of the iPhone 4. [verb + adverb construction] There was a significant increase in Apple's sales due to the launch of the iPhone 4. [adjective + noun (word) construction]

Our turnover remained stable in January and February. However, in March and April, it dropped suddenly as a result of the financial crisis. [verb + adverb construction] In March and April, there was a sudden drop in our turnover as a result of the financial crisis. [verb + adverb construction]